Types of forces and free body diagrams
A free body diagram shows one object with an arrow for every force acting on it, so the net force can be found. Common forces include gravity (weight, equal to mass times g, about 9.8 m/s^2 near Earth's surface), the normal force a surface exerts perpendicular to itself, tension pulling along a rope or cable, friction acting along a surface against sliding or attempted sliding, and applied pushes or pulls. The net force is the vector sum of all of them, and Newton's second law, net force = mass x acceleration, connects it to motion. For example, pushing a 10 kg box with 50 N against 20 N of friction gives a net force of 30 N and an acceleration of 3 m/s^2. The centripetal force in circular motion is not a new kind of force; it is the net force from forces like these pointing toward the center.
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