Trial versus Appellate Process
A trial is where a case is first heard: evidence and witness testimony are presented, and a judge or jury determines the facts and reaches a verdict. An appeal, heard afterward in a different, higher appellate court, does not retry the case or hear new evidence; instead, it reviews the existing trial record, usually under a standard that gives real weight to the original judge's or jury's factual findings, to check for a legal error, like misapplying the law or violating a defendant's rights, that could justify changing or overturning the original outcome.
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