Hardware and Software Interaction
Hardware and software interact through layers that translate a program's instructions into physical actions a device can actually perform, typically with an operating system and device drivers acting as go-betweens, so an ordinary application usually does not need to know the exact physical details of every different piece of hardware it might run on. Device drivers and firmware are the exception: that low-level software exists specifically to handle hardware-specific details, which is what usually lets application software built on top of it stay hardware-agnostic, though some applications, like ones built specifically for a particular graphics card, are deliberately written to depend on one piece of hardware anyway. This layered translation is what often lets the same application run on different computers even though the exact hardware inside them is different.
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