Civil Rights Amendments
Several constitutional amendments expanded civil rights over time: the 13th (1865) abolished slavery, the 14th (1868) guaranteed citizenship and equal protection under the law, the 15th (1870) barred denying the vote based on race, the 19th (1920) guaranteed women the right to vote, the 24th (1964) banned poll taxes in federal elections, and the 26th (1971) lowered the voting age to 18. The 24th Amendment's own text applies only to federal elections; the Supreme Court separately ruled, in Harper v. Virginia State Board of Elections (1966), that poll taxes in state elections also violate the 14th Amendment's equal protection clause.
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