Balancing nuclear equations and uses of nuclear chemistry
A nuclear equation is balanced when the mass numbers and the atomic numbers each add up to the same totals on both sides. In alpha decay, the nucleus emits an alpha particle, a helium-4 nucleus, so its mass number drops by 4 and its atomic number by 2: uranium-238 becomes thorium-234. In beta decay, a neutron changes into a proton and an electron (the beta particle) is emitted, so the atomic number rises by 1 while the mass number stays the same. In gamma emission, the nucleus releases high-energy radiation with no change in mass number or atomic number. Whether a nucleus is stable depends largely on its ratio of neutrons to protons. Nuclear chemistry has many uses: radiation therapy that targets cancer cells, radioactive tracers for diagnostic imaging, nuclear power plants that generate electricity from fission, carbon-14 dating, and smoke detectors.
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