Molarity and dilution calculations
Molarity (M) is the most common unit of concentration in chemistry: moles of solute per liter of solution. Dissolving 0.5 mole of sodium chloride to make 1 liter of solution gives 0.5 M, and dissolving 1 mole to make 0.5 liter gives 2 M. To dilute a solution, you add more solvent; the number of moles of solute stays the same, so M1V1 = M2V2. For example, diluting 100 mL of a 2.0 M solution to a total of 400 mL gives a 0.50 M solution. Molarity lets chemists measure out an exact number of moles of a dissolved substance simply by measuring a volume.
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