Precipitation, acid-base, and oxidation-reduction reactions
Many reactions can also be sorted by what actually changes. In a precipitation reaction, two solutions of soluble compounds are mixed and an insoluble solid, the precipitate, forms, as when silver nitrate and sodium chloride solutions make solid silver chloride; solubility rules, such as "nearly all nitrates and all sodium and potassium compounds are soluble," predict whether a double replacement product will precipitate. In an acid-base reaction, a hydrogen ion (proton) is transferred from the acid to the base. In an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, electrons are transferred: oxidation is the loss of electrons and reduction is the gain of electrons ("OIL RIG"), and both always happen together. Rusting iron, batteries, and combustion are all redox reactions.
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