DNA replication: how cells copy their DNA
Before a cell divides, it copies its DNA through replication. The double helix unwinds and its two strands separate, and each strand serves as a template for building a new matching strand, following the base-pairing rules: A pairs with T, and C pairs with G. The result is two DNA molecules, each made of one original strand and one new strand, which is why this model is called semi-conservative replication. Enzymes such as DNA polymerase build the new strands and proofread them, which keeps copying errors rare, though not impossible.
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