Meiosis: making sex cells and increasing genetic diversity
Meiosis is the type of cell division that produces sex cells (gametes), like sperm and egg cells. It involves two rounds of division that halve the chromosome number, so a human body cell with 46 chromosomes gives rise to gametes with 23, and the full number is restored when two gametes combine at fertilization. Meiosis also increases genetic diversity in a population in two ways: crossing over swaps segments between paired chromosomes, and independent assortment sorts each chromosome pair into gametes independently of the other pairs, so each gamete gets its own unique combination of genes.
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